Report on Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) in Norwegian Agricultural Areas
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a highly persistent and mobile PFAS compound that is increasingly detected in the environment, especially in water. As part of knowledge development, NIBIO (Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research) has conducted preliminary investigations of TFA in streams, groundwater, raw water sources, and drinking water in Norwegian agricultural areas. A total of 105 water samples were analyzed, including 48 from streams, 50 from groundwater, as well as some samples from waterworks and raw water. TFA was detected in all sample types, with the highest concentrations found in streams (290–1300 ng/l, mean 678 ng/l), followed by groundwater (110–540 ng/l, mean 264 ng/l). Drinking water showed lower levels (160–180 ng/l), but still clear traces of TFA. All TFA analyses were performed by Eurofins in Lidköping.
The report shows that TFA levels were highest in areas with intensive cultivation of cereals, vegetables, and potatoes. The results indicate that the use of pesticides containing trifluoromethyl groups (–CCF₃), which can degrade into TFA, is a significant source—especially in three of the fields monitored by the JOVA (Agricultural Soil and Water Monitoring) program. Additionally, at the JOVA fields a temporal trend of higher TFA levels in the autumn was observed. Livestock manure is also identified as a potential secondary source, as TFA is likely absorbed from feed and excreted through urine. In some areas, historical industrial activities and point sources may also contribute to the observed levels. Samples from fields with lower pesticide use, such as meadows or forested areas, generally showed lower concentrations.
The report emphasizes the widespread presence and possible accumulation of TFA in the environment, particularly in water resources linked to agricultural landscapes. Since TFA is not broken down in conventional water treatment processes and can only be removed through advanced methods such as reverse osmosis, continued monitoring is considered necessary. The findings contribute to a better understanding of TFA’s distribution and origins in Norwegian agriculture, as well as the need for further studies and potential regulation.
Links
NIBIO report (in Norwegian)
Eurofins product flyer